After which vaccine are Arthus reactions most commonly reported?

Arthus reactions are localized hypersensitivity reactions that can occur after vaccination, particularly following a booster dose of a vaccine that contains a component to which a person has previously developed high levels of antibodies. The Tetanus-Diphtheria (Td) and Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis (Tdap) vaccines are closely associated with these types of reactions, especially when administered too soon after a previous dose.

In the case of Td or Tdap vaccines, individuals who have received multiple vaccinations within a short period have an increased risk for Arthus reactions due to the presence of high serological titers of antibodies. If administered at intervals that are too close, the body may overreact at the injection site, leading to localized swelling, erythema, and pain. Given this strong correlation, Td and Tdap vaccines are particularly noted for such reactions compared to other vaccines listed.

The other vaccines mentioned, like the influenza vaccine or pneumococcal vaccine, do not have the same frequency of Arthus reactions associated with them. The herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) primarily focuses on preventing varicella-zoster virus reactivation and does not have a known common association with Arthus reactions, as it operates differently in