How do vaccines typically evoke an immune response?

Vaccines are designed to mimic an infection, prompting the immune system to respond without causing the disease. The correct response highlights the role of antigens in stimulating B cells. When a vaccine containing an antigen is introduced into the body, it activates B cells, which are crucial components of the humoral immune response. These B cells then differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies targeted against the specific antigens present in the vaccine.

Additionally, the activation of B cells leads to the formation of memory B cells, which persist long after the initial exposure. This memory is vital, as it allows the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively should the individual encounter the actual pathogen in the future. This process of antibody production and memory cell formation is fundamental to achieving immunity, which is the primary goal of vaccination.

While T cells also play a critical role in the immune response, especially in cell-mediated immunity, the question emphasizes the specific action of vaccines in relation to B cells and antibodies, making this choice the most relevant and comprehensive in explaining how vaccines evoke an immune response. The other options do not encapsulate the complete mechanism of action of vaccines in stimulating a robust immune defense.