Which disease is indicated by a membrane developing in the throat, potentially causing respiratory obstruction?

Diphtheria is characterized by the presence of a thick membrane that forms in the throat, which can lead to respiratory obstruction. This membrane is primarily made up of dead cells, bacteria, and inflammatory exudate, which can significantly impede airflow. The bacteria responsible for diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, release a toxin that damages tissues, leading to these severe throat symptoms and other systemic effects.

In cases of diphtheria, the membrane often appears gray and adheres firmly to the underlying tissue, making it distinct from other throat infections. The obstruction can result in difficulty breathing, a condition that requires immediate medical attention. This unique symptom sets diphtheria apart from other options listed, which do not typically result in such a membrane formation or respiratory obstruction in the same manner.

Scarlet fever, whooping cough, and measles present with different symptoms and complications that do not include the formation of a membrane in the throat that causes respiratory blockage.